![]() Janus Lascaris (1445-1535) brought about 200 manuscripts from the Mount Athos to the Laurentiana, and Cardinal Bessarion in 1468 bestowed 482 Greek manuscripts to the Marciana. This brain drain continued after the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks (1453). The Humanism saw the return to the Greek texts, brought together by collectors of manuscripts, which finally found a place in the Biblioteca Laurentiana in Florence and the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice. In the Middle Ages only Latin sources were studied, mainly the five books on music by Boethius. About 410-439 Martianus Capella in De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii, combining again trivium and quadrivium, treated theory of music. Centuries earlier, Varro of Reate (116-27 B.C.), combining the trivium and the quadrivium, had included into his Disciplinae a book about music, which was the source of many later roman treatises. Moreover, the current theory of the impact of music and its elements on the human soul (theory of musical 'Ethos') obtained in the same period a place within the three sciences (trivium) of grammar, rhetoric and dialectic. During the Byzantine Empire the Ancient Greek theory of music, together with arithmetic, geometry and astronomy, maintained the part of one of the four sciences (quadrivium).
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